Dwarven Courts-in-Exile

Government: Oligarchy (Council of Cities)
Capital: officially Kolgalir (occupied by Hordes); currently, Mighalia
Population: The Courts claim some level of governance over the clans that make up the Lost Seventeen Cities; these in theory total up to around 1.5m; realistically, they directly govern ~500,000 (~10% human, ~70% firstborn (mostly dwarves and kin), ~15% Created, ~5% other)
Area: officially 1.1 million sq mi (in the Underdark); practially 0

Originally formed from the seventeen Clan Lords of the Lost Seventeen Cities, the Dwarven Courts-in-Exile have since become a political power among the dwarves even though they lack any actual land. Built entirely out of the power of the constituent dwarven merchant guilds, and dedicated to the Return to reclaim the Lost Seventeen, the Dwarven Courts-in-Exile have found their power somewhat diminished since the failed Eighth Return three thousand years ago.

Geography

Government: The Seventeen Clan Lords

TODO, First Lord, Lord of the TODO Clan, Guardian of the Return

Political Structure

The Dwarven Courts are made up of seventeen Clan Lords, each of which represent anywhere from a few to a dozen or more dwarven clans in a constantly-shifting political landscape.

Technically, each Clan Lord represents only their individual clan, but long ago, the Dwarven Courts had seventeen seats for the seventeen cities, so seventeen seats remains. Different clans, then, form and join alliances with one another as their fortunes wax and wane, and if enough support is removed from a Clan Lord, the seat is vacated until a new clan's leader can amass the necessary support to assume the seat.